What are the differences between a single-cylinder cone crusher and a multi-cylinder cone crusher?

A cone crusher is a medium-fine crushing equipment suitable for processing medium-hard and high-hardness stone, and is widely used in construction, chemical, water conservancy, railway, highway, and building materials industries. Currently, there are two commonly used types of cone crushers: single-cylinder crushers and multi-cylinder crushers. This article mainly analyzes the differences between single-cylinder and multi-cylinder cone crushers from the following four aspects:

1. Equipment Structure

Single-cylinder: Similar to a spring cone crusher, the main shaft and moving cone are combined and supported by a cup-shaped bearing. Therefore, the main shaft and moving cone act as a base, with an eccentric sleeve driving the main shaft to provide crushing force.

Multi-cylinder: The main shaft of a multi-cylinder cone crusher is short and thick, with a large diameter that can be designed. It stands directly on the frame (rather than within an eccentric sleeve) and is directly supported by the frame, providing higher load-bearing capacity. The eccentric sleeve directly drives the moving cone to provide crushing force.

The difference in mechanical structure between single-cylinder and multi-cylinder cone crushers determines the different stresses on the frame during material crushing. The former’s frame bears tensile stress, while the latter’s frame bears reduced tensile stress. Therefore, the multi-cylinder cone crusher generally has a better frame construction.

2. Discharge Opening Adjustment Method
During normal operation of a single-cylinder hydraulic cone crusher, the main shaft is raised or lowered by the oil pump injecting or discharging oil into the main shaft cylinder, thereby adjusting the discharge opening size.

Multi-cylinder hydraulic cone crushers use a hydraulic pusher or motor to adjust the adjusting cap, which in turn drives the adjusting ring to rotate within the support sleeve (the fixed cone spiral moves up and down), achieving the adjustment function. This design makes it easy to lock the discharge port.

3. Feeding Method
Generally, both single-cylinder and multi-cylinder hydraulic cone crushers can be fully fed. The latter’s high load-bearing capacity makes full feeding no problem, and it utilizes the principle of lamination, where the stone is crushed and compressed simultaneously within the crushing chamber, resulting in a shaping effect and excellent output particle shape. However, it’s important to note that full feeding simply means filling the crushing chamber with material; in this case, both crushing efficiency and uniform wear must be ensured.

4. Crushing Effect
Single-cylinder hydraulic cone crushers offer high crushing efficiency, flexible and directly adjustable discharge ports, better medium crushing effect, and large throughput capacity.

Multi-cylinder hydraulic cone crushers are used for layered crushing. The faster the gyratory speed, the better the layered crushing effect. The gyratory speed of multi-cylinder hydraulic cone crushers is much faster than that of single-cylinder hydraulic cone crushers. Therefore, the finished products of multi-cylinder hydraulic cone crushers have a higher fine particle level and more uniform particle size.

After selecting the equipment type, the specific specifications, dimensions, and quantity must be chosen based on its configuration with other equipment and changes in load rate to achieve the expected production goals. Shengbang Machinery produces cone crushers in various models to meet diverse crushing needs.